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Uzbekistan is located in the central part of Central Asia. It is bordered by Kyrgyzstan to the east, by Kazakhstan to the north-east, north and north-west, by Turkmenistan to the south-west and south, by Afghanistan to the south and by Tajikistan to the south-east. The total length of the borders is about 5,300 km. The northernmost boundary of Uzbekistan is located in the north-east Ustyurt plateau (45° 36' N), the southernmost boundary is near Termez city on the Amu Darya banks (37° 11' N), the westernmost boundary is on the Ustyurt plateau (56° E), and the easternmost boundary is in the east Fergana valley (73° 10' E).

Ethnic composition

Uzbekistan is a multiethnic country. The majority of the population are Uzbeks (over 71%).

Literary Uzbek language belongs to the Karluk group of the Western branch of the Turkic languages. Spoken language has many different dialects. The Uzbek language has its profound historical link to the Tajik language, which can be observed in phonetics, syntax and especially in vocabulary.

The official language of the Republic of Uzbekistan is Uzbek. Many people in the republic widely use Russian language, and many regions use Tajik language.

Representatives of other Turkic-speaking people also live in Uzbekistan: Kazakhs, Kirghiz, Turkmens, Uighurs and Tatars. Besides there is a large community of Tajiks in the republic, who speak the Iranian language (4.7 per cent). Russian and Russian-speaking people, the total number of which is about 16% of the total population of the republic, constitute a significant part of the population. Koreans, Arabs, Central Asian Gypsies and Jews, Germans and many others also live here. The population of Uzbekistan is growing rapidly.

The official name of the country: Republic of Uzbekistan
Capital: Tashkent
Area: 448.9 thous. km2.
Political system: Constitutional Democracy
Population: 36,8 million people (1st January,2024)
Official language:  Uzbek language
President: Mirziyoev Shavkat Miromonovich
Currency: Uzbek soum
 Time zone: GMT +5
Phone code: +998———
cc TLD: .uz
Voltage: 220 V, 50 Hz
Traffic: Right-hand

Climate

The climate in Uzbekistan is continental, with hot summers and cool winters. The southern part of the country is the warmest and the northern part is the coldest. In summer temperature often exceeds 41°C (106°F), and can even reach 45°C (113°F) and above. Air humidity is not high. In winter temperature averages around -8°C (18°F), but can fall to -40°C (-40°F). Most of the country is also quite dry. Average annual precipitation range from 100 mm (3.9 in.) to 200 mm (7.9 in.) and mostly occur in winter and spring.

Economy

Uzbekistan is among the world’s leading cotton producers. It is known for its orchards and vineyards and is also important for raising Karakul sheep and silkworms. Uzbekistan’s mineral and oil and gas reserves are substantial. The country produces and exports a large volume of natural gas. The central bank issues the national currency, the sum.

Public holidays

• January 1 — New Year
• March 8 — International Women's Day
• March 21 — Navruz
• May 9 — Day of Remembrance and Honor
• September 1 — Independence Day
• October 1 — Teacher and Mentor Day
• December 8 — Constitution Day
• the first days of Ruza Hayit and Kurban Hayit religious holidays.